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Glossary of Key Terms
Air Defense Artillery (ADA): Army forces that provide protection against enemy air and missile attack.
Antiaccess (A2): Action, activity, or capability, usually short-range, designed to limit an enemy force’s freedom of action within an operational area. (JP 3-0)
Area Denial (AD): Action, activity, or capability, usually short-range, designed to limit an enemy force’s freedom of action within an operational area. (JP 3-0)
Army Doctrine Publication (ADP): A publication that contains fundamental principles and overarching guidance on how the Army conducts operations and other activities.
Army Techniques Publication (ATP): A publication that provides detailed procedures and techniques for implementing Army doctrine.
Brigade Combat Team (BCT): A combined arms organization that is the Army’s principal tactical warfighting headquarters. There are infantry, armored, and Stryker BCTs.
Combatant Commander (CCDR): A commander in charge of a unified or specified combatant command.
Competition Continuum: A joint doctrine construct that describes the strategic environment in terms of three broad categories of strategic relationships: cooperation, competition below armed conflict, and armed conflict.
Convergence: The rapid and continuous integration of capabilities in all domains, the electromagnetic spectrum, and the information environment that optimizes effects to achieve objectives. (ADP 3-0)
Cyberspace Domain: The interdependent networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunication networks, computer systems, embedded processors and controllers, and relevant portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. (ADP 3-0)
Decisive Point: Key terrain, key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, enables commanders to gain a marked advantage over an enemy or contribute materially to achieving success. (JP 5-0)
Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA): Tasks executed in the homeland and U.S. territories to support another primary agency, lead federal agency, or local authority.
Domain: A physically defined portion of an operational environment (land, air, maritime, space, and cyberspace) requiring a unique set of warfighting capabilities and skills. (ADP 3-0)
Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS): The range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from zero to infinity.
Enemy: A party identified as hostile against which the use of force is authorized. (ADP 3-0)
Field Manual (FM): An Army publication that describes tactics, techniques, and procedures.
Force Projection: The ability to project military power outside of one’s own territory. (FM 3-0)
Hazard: A condition with the potential to cause injury, illness, or death of personnel; damage to or loss of equipment or property; or mission degradation. (ADP 3-0)
Homeland Defense: The protection of U.S. sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical infrastructure against external threats and aggression, as well as those threats that transcend national borders.
Joint Force: A force composed of significant elements, assigned or attached, of two or more Military Departments that operate under a single joint force commander. (JP 1, Volume 1)
Joint Logistics Over-the-Shore (JLOTS): The process of moving military equipment and personnel from ship to shore without the use of conventional port facilities.
Joint Operations Area (JOA): A geographical area defined by a joint force commander in which a joint task force conducts military operations.
Landpower: The ability—by threat, force, or occupation—to gain, sustain, and exploit control over land, resources, and people. (FM 3-0)
Littoral: The landward part of the area extending from the high water mark to the limits of inland waterways and the seaward part from the low water mark seaward to the high seas. (JP 3-0)
Maritime Domain: The oceans, seas, seabed, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, rivers and littorals and the airspace above and the water below. (JP 3-32)
Multidomain Operations: The Army’s operational concept to prevail in competition and conflict by the synchronized employment of all of our capabilities (organic and joint) across the five domains (land, air, maritime, space, and cyberspace) and the information environment to defeat adversary layered standoffs and achieve the commander’s objectives. (FM 3-0)
Operational Approach: A description of the broad actions the force must take to transform current conditions into the desired end state. (FM 3-0)
Operational Environment: The aggregate of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. (JP 3-0)
Operational Framework: A cognitive tool used to assist commanders and staffs in clearly visualizing and describing the application of combat power in time, space, purpose, and resources. (FM 3-0)
Peer Threat: An adversary or enemy with capabilities and capacity to oppose U.S. forces across multiple domains worldwide or in a specific region where they enjoy a position of relative advantage.
Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration (RSOI): Those activities that transition deploying forces into an operationally ready force capable of meeting the commander’s mission requirements.
Security Force Assistance (SFA): Activities undertaken to generate, organize, train, equip, rebuild, and advise or mentor foreign security forces and their supporting institutions.
Security Force Assistance Brigade (SFAB): A specialized unit whose core mission is to conduct security force assistance operations.
Space Domain: The area above the altitude where atmospheric effects on airborne objects become negligible.
Stability Operation: An operation conducted outside the United States in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or re-establish a secure environment, provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief. (ADP 3-0)
Strategic Environment: The global environment in which the U.S. President employs all elements of national power (diplomatic, informational, military, and economic).
Threat: Any combination of actors, entities, or forces that have the capability and intent to harm United States forces, United States national interests, or the homeland. (ADP 3-0)